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我国高等教育从计划经济时期的专业人才培养发展到市场经济下的大众化教育，随之而来的是人才培养模式的传统化和模式化、培养%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%BA%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E5%9E%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8D%E5%9F%B9%E5%85%BB%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%97%E9%AB%98%E6%A0%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%95%E4%B8%9A%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E8%84%B1%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%8C%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E9%80%89%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%B0%E5%90%88%E9%80%82%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8D%EF%BC%8C%E6%AF%95%E4%B8%9A%E7%94%9F%E6%89%BE%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%B0%E9%80%82%E5%90%88%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%B2%97%E4%BD%8D%E3%80%82%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E4%B8%BA%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%EF%BC%8C%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81%E4%BB%A5%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%B9%E5%85%BB%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%8F%90%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%BA%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%A5%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E4%B8%BA%E5%AF%BC%E5%90%91%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%A5%E6%A0%A1%E4%BC%81%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%EF%BC%8C%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%81%22%E4%BA%A7%E5%AD%A6%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E3%80%81%E6%A0%A1%E4%BC%81%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E3%80%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%22%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E4%BA%86%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8D%E5%9F%B9%E5%85%BB%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E4%B8%8B%E6%89%BE%E5%87%86%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B8%8A%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%8E%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9D%90%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E3%80%81%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E3%80%81%E5%B8%88%E8%B5%84%E9%98%9F%E4%BC%8D%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E3%80%81%E6%A0%A1%E4%BC%81%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%AD%89%E6%96%B9%E9%9D%A2%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%9E%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8D%E5%9F%B9%E5%85%BB%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B6%E5%88%9D%E8%A7%81%E6%88%90%E6%95%88%E3%80%82%20%E3%80%80%E3%80%80%E4%B8%80%E3%80%81%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E6%89%BE%E5%87%86%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%20%E3%80%80%E3%80%80%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A3%E5%A4%84%E4%BA%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%9A%84%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E6%9C%9F%E5%92%8C%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%B0%8F%E5%BA%B7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96%E3%80%81%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%EF%BC%8C%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%B4%E7%9D%80%E6%97%A5%E8%B6%8B%E7%B4%A7%E8%BF%AB%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E3%80%81%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E3%80%81%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E4%BD%93%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87%E5%9C%A833%25%E5%B7%A6%E5%8F%B3%EF%BC%8C%E6%AF%94%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%88%E8%BF%9B%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E4%BD%8E10%E4%B8%AA%E7%99%BE%E5%88%86%E7%82%B9%E5%B7%A6%E5%8F%B3%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%B6%88%E8%80%97%E9%87%8F%E5%8D%A0%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%9A%8417.5%25%EF%BC%8C%E8%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%9C%9F%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84GDP%E4%BB%85%E5%8D%A0%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%9A%848.7%25%E3%80%82%E5%90%8E%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%89%BF%E8%AF%BA%E5%88%B02020%E5%B9%B4%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8DGDP%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E9%87%8F%E6%AF%942005%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%8D40%25-%2045%25%E3%80%82%E8%8A%82%E8%83%BD%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%98%AF%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E5%87%8F%E6%8E%92%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%9B%AE%E6%A0%87%E5%92%8C%E5%BA%94%E5%AF%B9%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%85%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E3%80%82%5B1%5D%20%0A%E3%80%80%E3%80%802010%E5%B9%B410%E6%9C%8818%E6%97%A5%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E9%A2%81%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%86%E3%80%8A%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%8A%A0%E5%BF%AB%E5%9F%B9%E8%82%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E6%80%A7%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%86%B3%E5%AE%9A%E3%80%8B%E3%80%822012%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%8830%E6%97%A5%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9D%E4%B8%BB%E6%8C%81%E5%8F%AC%E5%BC%80%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E3%80%8A%22%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%94%22%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E6%80%A7%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%8C%E6%8A%8A%E8%8A%82%E8%83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