教学工作的资源分享

中国在国际制度体制下的作用。

大专

大专

国际经济研究院:中国在国际制度体系中的作用——利益相关者

教学资源库

教学资源库

摘要:无论是资本市场、货币还是初级商品市场,中国都已经融入国际制度体系。

军事职业教育

军事职业教育

也就是说,中国是国际制度体系中的利益相关者,不仅要享受收益,而且要承担责任。 中国被认为是正在崛起的强国。 美国是世界上最大的强国,但不是维持现状的强国。 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ts%20international%20posture.It%27s%20true%20in%20the%20area%20of%20energy%20development%20and%20also%20the%20environmental%20implications.%20It%27s%20true%20in%20the%20area%20of%20trying%20to%20develop%20higher%20value-added%20services%20connected%20to%20a%20knowledge%20economy%2C%20which%2C%20of%20course%2C%20are%20connected%20to%20intellectual%20property%20rights.%20But%20one%20also%20needs%20to%20recognize%20that%20China%20is%20very%20cautious%20about%20these%20adjustments%20even%20though%20the%20society%20is%20changing%20at%20a%20fast%20pace.%20If%20you%20consider%20the%20challenges%20of%20development%20in%20China%2C%20those%20between%20the%20coastal%20and%20the%20internal%20provinces%2C%20those%20between%20the%20rural%20and%20the%20urban%20areas%2C%20those%20between%20Beijing%20and%20the%20provincial%20development%2C%20and%20many%20others%2C%20you%20can%20understand%20that%20the%20Chinese%20leaders%20wake%20up%20in%20the%20morning%20with%20a%20pretty%20hefty%20set%20of%20problems%20to%20cope%20with%2C%20and%20they%27re%20worried%20about%20missteps.%20They%20want%20us%20and%20the%20rest%20of%20the%20world%20to%20recognize%20that%20while%20they%27ve%20increased%20income%20significantly%2C%20it%27s%20still%20a%20developing%20country%3B%20there%20are%20still%20hundreds%20and%20hundreds%20of%20millions%20of%20people%20that%20are%20very%20poor.And%20there%27s%20a%20very%20strong%20sensitivity%20in%20China%20about%20the%20danger%20of%20upheavals%2C%20and%20this%20again%20is%20how%20the%20leadership%20has%20a%20strong%20sense%20of%20historical%20experience.%20Here%20I%27m%20not%20only%20talking%20about%20the%20upheavals%20of%20the%20early%2020th%20century%2C%20but%20I%20always%20find%20it%20useful%20to%20keep%20in%20mind%20that%20the%20people%20with%20whom%20I%27m%20talking%20in%20China%20lived%20through%20the%20Cultural%20Revolution%2C%20and%20this%20was%20not%20just%20a%20question%20of%20a%20slightly%20different%20experience%20for%20a%20few%20months.%20This%20was%20an%20upheaval%20in%20life%2C%20and%20the%20leaders%20are%20very%20sensitive%20about%20anything%20that%20could%20return%20to%20any%20similar%20disruption%20because%20they%20saw%20what%20a%20tremendous%20effect%20it%20could%20have%20on%20their%20society.%20People%20are%20worried%20about%20rural%20unrest%20%EF%BC%8Dyou%27ve%20seen%20the%20reports%20about%20the%20tens%20of%20thousands%20of%20incidents%20that%20have%20increased%EF%BC%8Dand%20how%20this%20is%20connected%20to%20the%20provincial-center%20relations.And%20underneath%20all%20this%2C%20there%27s%20another%20fundamental%20challenge%2C%20which%20is%20that%20the%20legitimacy%20of%20the%20political%20system%20rests%20on%20economic%20performance%20and%20nationalism%2C%20and%20the%20Communist%20Party%20itself%20is%20having%20to%20determine%20what%20role%20it%20will%20have%20in%20this%20new%20order.%0ANow%20let%20me%20turn%20to%20the%20US%20domestic%20perspective.%20Part%20of%20our%20issue%20with%20China%2C%20of%20course%2C%20is%20part%20of%20our%20larger%20adjustment%20to%20globalization%20from%20what%20is%20a%20relatively%20open%20society.%20And%20so%2C%20unlike%20some%2C%20we%27re%20going%20to%20be%20more%20subject%20to%20these%20changes%20because%20it%27s%20been%20part%20of%20our%20success%2C%20but%20it%20also%20requires%20our%20own%20adjustments.%20So%20understandably%20in%20our%20domestic%20look%20at%20China%2C%20there%27s%20a%20focus%20on%20economic%20concerns%20but%20also%20human%20rights%20and%20values%20of%20this%20new%20rising%20power.%20As%20I%20and%20my%20colleagues%20have%20told%20the%20Chinese%2C%20we%20need%20to%20demonstrate%20to%20the%20US%20public%20that%20the%20economic%20relationship%20with%20China%20offers%20a%20fair%20two-way%20street%2C%20that%20there%20are%20mutual%20opportunities%20and%20benefits.For%20many%20years%2C%20the%20effort%20of%20many%20of%20you%20and%20others%20who%20are%20involved%20with%20this%20issue%20was%20focused%20on%20the%20question%20of%20China%20and%20Taiwan%27s%20accession%20to%20the%20WTO.%20That%20was%20accomplished%20in%202001%2C%20and%20so%20part%20of%20what%20we%27re%20dealing%20with%20now%20is%20the%20next%20institutional%20phase%20that%20goes%20beyond%20China%27s%20accession.%20US%20exports%2C%20as%20the%20book%20has%20talked%20about%2C%20have%20boomed%2C%20but%20so%20have%20our%20imports.%20If%20you%20look%20at%20the%20agricultural%20sector%2C%20some%20services%2C%20some%20value-added%20manufacturing%2C%20certainly%20investment%2C%20you%20see%20a%20boom%20in%20possibilities.%20And%20if%20you%20compare%20this%20with%20the%20growth%20of%20overall%20exports%2C%20there%20are%20great%20opportunities%20in%20China%2C%20although%20one%20recognizes%20those%20percentage%20numbers%20come%20from%20a%20relatively%20small%20base.But%20I%20think%20there%27s%20a%20larger%20issue%20here%2C%20which%20is%20our%20economic%20relationship%20with%20China%20reflects%20again%20the%20challenge%20that%20you%20see%20in%20global%20sourcing%20and%20investment.%20So%20as%20the%20book%20outlines%2C%20what%20you%20have%20as%20you%20look%20at%20our%20overall%20import%20pattern%20from%20Asia%2C%20is%20that%20a%20lot%20of%20the%20imports%20that%20might%20have%20come%20from%20other%20Asian%20countries%20are%20now%20coming%20from%20China%20because%20China%20is%20playing%20the%20role%20of%20assembly%20and%20value-added.%20And%20it%27s%20one%20of%20the%20reasons%20why%2C%20of%20course%2C%20you%20have%20large%20commodity%20increases%20as%20part%20of%20the%20Chinese%20development%20practice.Now%2C%20there%27s%20another%20part%20of%20this%20WTO%20relationship%EF%BC%8Dand%20it%27s%20one%20that%20I%20took%20a%20first%20step%20on%20when%20I%20was%20a%20US%20trade%20representative%20%28USTR%29%2C%20and%20my%20colleague%20Rob%20Portman%20has%20just%20taken%20one%20recently%EF%BC%8Dand%20that%20is%20how%20we%20can%20use%20the%20WTO%27s%20rules-based%20system%20to%20try%20to%20ensure%20a%20fair%20process.%20So%20recently%2C%20you%20saw%20that%20the%20United%20States%20and%20the%20European%20Union%20brought%20a%20case%20against%20China%20dealing%20with%20the%20auto%20parts%20regime.%20Similarly%2C%20during%20my%20tenure%2C%20we%20brought%20one%20dealing%20with%20the%20semiconductor%20industry%20and%20what%20we%20considered%20to%20be%20differential%20taxes%20that%20disadvantaged%20our%20exports.Sometimes%2C%20the%20Chinese%20react%20against%20these%20%5Bcases%5D%20and%20think%20that%20they%27re%20hostile%20acts.%20I%20see%20them%20as%20basically%20a%20part%20of%20the%20international%20rules-based%20system%2C%20and%20reflecting%20the%20fact%20that%20when%20you%20work%20with%20Chinese%20officials%2C%20often%20those%20who%20might%20be%20on%20the%20international%20trade%20side%20can%20handle%20an%20issue%20to%20a%20certain%20degree%2C%20but%20as%20they%20work%20with%20the%20established%20bureaucracies%2C%20they%27re%20going%20to%20run%20into%20resistance%2C%20and%20sometimes%20it%20needs%20these%20cases%20to%20push%20them%20further.%20For%20example%2C%20in%20the%20case%20we%20brought%20against%20semiconductors%2C%20it%20never%20was%20brought%20to%20the%20WTO%20system%20b

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